Book Your Free Audit

Original Analysis — September 2026

The Best Trade Schools in America, Ranked On What Graduates Owe And Earn

Most “best trade schools” lists rank on reputation, or on nothing at all. This one ranks 153 accredited US institutions on a single measurable outcome: how many months of gross pay their graduates need to cover the debt they leave with.

See The Ranking

Built entirely from U.S. Department of Education data. No school paid to be listed.

The best trade school for a given student is the one whose graduates earn the most relative to what the training cost them. On that measure, across the 153 institutions with enough public data to compare, the national median is 3.6 months of gross pay to cover the median debt, and the spread runs from 1.7 months to 8.3.

This is not a reputation ranking and there is no expert panel behind it. Every school here awards mostly certificates or associate degrees, is currently operating, and reports both debt and earnings on at least four trade programs. The order is arithmetic, and the method is published in full below so you can check any row.

Every school that qualified is shown, and there is no separate list of the worst. Clearing the bar to appear here at all means a school is currently operating, accredited, and reports federal debt and earnings on at least four trade programs, which most US institutions do not. The school ranked last on this page still covers its median debt in 8.3 months of gross pay. If a school is missing, it is almost always because the Department of Education suppressed its figures for small cohort sizes, not because it scored badly.

What The Data Shows

Four findings from the ranking

6 of 11

of the top-ranked schools are in Kentucky, whose state median is 1.9 months against 3.6 nationally

3.0 vs 4.5

months to cover the debt at public schools against private for-profit schools

68% vs 43%

completion rate the other way round: for-profits finish more of the students they enroll

states represented, out of the 153 institutions with enough public data to rank

The Ranking

153 trade schools, ranked by months of gross pay to cover the debt

Filter by state to see the best trade schools near you. Click any column heading to sort. Lower is better.

State Type

#	School▲▼	Type▲▼	Months▲▼	Debt▲▼	Earnings▲▼	Completion▲▼	Programs▲▼
1	Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical CollegeBowling Green, KY	Public	1.7	$8,581	$58,996	58%	5
2	Elizabethtown Community and Technical CollegeElizabethtown, KY	Public	1.7	$8,136	$56,656	59%	6
3	Bismarck State CollegeBismarck, ND	Public	1.7	$12,000	$57,065	47%	7
4	Butler Technology and Career Development SchoolsMonroe, OH	Public	1.8	$6,724	$45,002	76%	4
5	Lincoln Land Community CollegeSpringfield, IL	Public	1.9	$6,328	$48,725	48%	4
6	Bluegrass Community and Technical CollegeLexington, KY	Public	1.9	$9,250	$64,355	43%	7
7	Maysville Community and Technical CollegeMaysville, KY	Public	1.9	$7,504	$41,910	56%	4
8	Owensboro Community and Technical CollegeOwensboro, KY	Public	1.9	$7,838	$52,335	54%	4
9	East Mississippi Community CollegeScooba, MS	Public	2.0	$5,500	$33,588	48%	4
10	Western Technical CollegeLa Crosse, WI	Public	2.0	$7,333	$43,608	34%	4
11	Gateway Community and Technical CollegeFlorence, KY	Public	2.1	$7,520	$54,530	59%	4
12	Metropolitan Community College-Kansas CityKansas City, MO	Public	2.1	$8,342	$48,229	34%	4
13	Emily Griffith Technical CollegeDenver, CO	Public	2.2	$9,500	$44,943	97%	5
14	Ivy Tech Community CollegeIndianapolis, IN	Public	2.2	$8,562	$46,436	40%	18
15	Grand Rapids Community CollegeGrand Rapids, MI	Public	2.3	$11,550	$36,450	21%	10
16	Orleans Technical CollegePhiladelphia, PA	nonprofit	2.4	$7,521	$37,848	90%	5
17	Northcentral Technical CollegeWausau, WI	Public	2.4	$8,500	$47,701	45%	6
18	Northwood Technical CollegeRice Lake, WI	Public	2.4	$7,000	$42,282	56%	5
19	College of Western IdahoNampa, ID	Public	2.4	$8,500	$40,029	31%	7
20	Pima Community CollegeTucson, AZ	Public	2.5	$8,344	$39,961	28%	4
21	Refrigeration School IncPhoenix, AZ	for-profit	2.5	$8,825	$43,398	76%	6
22	CET-San JoseSan Jose, CA	nonprofit	2.5	$6,954	$33,741	81%	6
23	Dakota County Technical CollegeRosemount, MN	Public	2.5	$12,000	$52,341	58%	6
24	Oklahoma State University Institute of TechnologyOkmulgee, OK	Public	2.5	$11,667	$55,088	42%	7
25	York Technical CollegeRock Hill, SC	Public	2.5	$9,875	$51,114	30%	4
26	Chattanooga State Community CollegeChattanooga, TN	Public	2.5	$7,442	$39,851	26%	8
27	South Louisiana Community CollegeLafayette, LA	Public	2.6	$6,767	$37,086	30%	4
28	Washburn Institute of TechnologyTopeka, KS	Public	2.7	$8,000	$36,564	68%	4
29	Jefferson Community and Technical CollegeLouisville, KY	Public	2.7	$9,625	$42,224	35%	5
30	Minnesota State Community and Technical CollegeFergus Falls, MN	Public	2.7	$10,169	$46,285	47%	5
31	State Technical College of MissouriLinn, MO	Public	2.7	$12,000	$50,931	84%	7
32	Great Oaks Career CampusesCincinnati, OH	Public	2.7	$8,250	$41,277	90%	7
33	Lone Star College SystemThe Woodlands, TX	Public	2.7	$5,500	$34,824	21%	4
34	Perry Technical InstituteYakima, WA	nonprofit	2.7	$16,602	$45,720	79%	9
35	Mech-Tech CollegeCaguas, PR	for-profit	2.7	$3,794	$22,057	72%	5
36	Alexandria Technical & Community CollegeAlexandria, MN	Public	2.8	$12,000	$52,748	60%	6
37	St Cloud Technical and Community CollegeSaint Cloud, MN	Public	2.8	$11,500	$49,636	45%	7
38	North Dakota State College of ScienceWahpeton, ND	Public	2.8	$11,896	$54,153	55%	6
39	Thaddeus Stevens College of TechnologyLancaster, PA	Public	2.8	$10,277	$38,796	71%	8
40	Horry-Georgetown Technical CollegeConway, SC	Public	2.8	$9,500	$32,356	38%	5
41	CET-ColtonColton, CA	nonprofit	2.9	$6,841	$30,651	72%	4
42	Erie Community CollegeBuffalo, NY	Public	2.9	$8,710	$33,340	28%	7
43	Mitchell Technical CollegeMitchell, SD	Public	2.9	$12,000	$50,071	76%	6
44	Chippewa Valley Technical CollegeEau Claire, WI	Public	2.9	$9,500	$48,638	50%	9
45	Onondaga Cortland Madison BOCESLiverpool, NY	Public	2.9	$8,280	$34,938	73%	4
46	Vincennes UniversityVincennes, IN	Public	3.0	$12,000	$51,226	39%	9
47	Iowa Central Community CollegeFort Dodge, IA	Public	3.0	$12,000	$44,338	42%	4
48	Minnesota West Community and Technical CollegeGranite Falls, MN	Public	3.0	$9,838	$43,444	52%	4
49	Southeast Community College AreaLincoln, NE	Public	3.0	$11,000	$42,642	38%	9
50	Hudson Valley Community CollegeTroy, NY	Public	3.0	$11,336	$45,466	35%	4
51	Gateway Technical CollegeKenosha, WI	Public	3.0	$11,250	$43,965	51%	5
52	Monroe Community CollegeRochester, NY	Public	3.1	$12,188	$47,258	27%	4
53	Tulsa Welding School-TulsaTulsa, OK	for-profit	3.1	$9,500	$32,321	68%	5
54	Tidewater Community CollegeNorfolk, VA	Public	3.1	$11,250	$34,696	32%	11
55	Western Iowa Tech Community CollegeSioux City, IA	Public	3.2	$11,000	$37,520	50%	5
56	Ashland Community and Technical CollegeAshland, KY	Public	3.2	$10,500	$50,906	51%	5
57	Northeast Community CollegeNorfolk, NE	Public	3.2	$10,575	$38,353	56%	5
58	Greenville Technical CollegeGreenville, SC	Public	3.2	$11,826	$39,546	21%	8
59	Fox Valley Technical CollegeAppleton, WI	Public	3.2	$11,500	$46,836	65%	8
60	Motoring Technical Training InstituteSeekonk, MA	for-profit	3.2	$9,500	$34,078	89%	5
61	Valencia CollegeOrlando, FL	Public	3.3	$9,834	$36,817	48%	4
62	Hennepin Technical CollegeBrooklyn Park, MN	Public	3.3	$16,356	$56,386	42%	8
63	Ridgewater CollegeWillmar, MN	Public	3.3	$10,291	$41,211	50%	6
64	Ranken Technical CollegeSaint Louis, MO	nonprofit	3.3	$13,208	$45,004	53%	15
65	Lake Area Technical CollegeWatertown, SD	Public	3.3	$12,000	$42,388	73%	8
66	Texas State Technical CollegeWaco, TX	Public	3.3	$11,000	$37,697	46%	18
67	Kirkwood Community CollegeCedar Rapids, IA	Public	3.4	$11,000	$42,392	43%	7
68	SUNY College of Technology at AlfredAlfred, NY	Public	3.4	$12,000	$42,136	55%	8
69	Nashville Auto-Diesel CollegeNashville, TN	for-profit	3.4	$12,000	$39,731	68%	4
70	Waukesha County Technical CollegePewaukee, WI	Public	3.4	$13,000	$46,460	44%	7
71	Hillsborough CollegeTampa, FL	Public	3.5	$12,654	$36,894	34%	5
72	Des Moines Area Community CollegeAnkeny, IA	Public	3.5	$12,000	$42,555	39%	9
73	North American Trade SchoolsBaltimore, MD	for-profit	3.5	$10,352	$34,863	69%	6
74	Dunwoody College of TechnologyMinneapolis, MN	nonprofit	3.5	$14,785	$51,538	66%	8
75	Austin Community College DistrictAustin, TX	Public	3.5	$14,061	$43,236	20%	10
76	Wichita State University-Campus of Applied Sciences and TechnologyWichita, KS	Public	3.6	$11,236	$31,708	43%	8
77	Saint Paul CollegeSaint Paul, MN	Public	3.6	$12,000	$39,770	40%	5
78	Midwest Technical Institute-IllinoisSpringfield, IL	for-profit	3.6	$9,500	$31,905	69%	5
79	Delta Technical College-MississippiHorn Lake, MS	for-profit	3.6	$9,500	$31,905	71%	5
80	Midwest Technical Institute-MissouriSpringfield, MO	for-profit	3.6	$9,500	$31,768	80%	4
81	Somerset Community CollegeSomerset, KY	Public	3.7	$9,586	$34,245	43%	5
82	Apex Technical SchoolLong Island City, NY	nonprofit	3.7	$9,500	$30,422	78%	6
83	New Castle School of TradesNew Castle, PA	for-profit	3.7	$10,700	$37,792	76%	8
84	Dallas CollegeDallas, TX	Public	3.7	$11,863	$37,079	32%	10
85	UEI College-Huntington ParkHuntington Park, CA	for-profit	3.8	$9,500	$30,150	70%	4
86	Lincoln College of Technology-DenverDenver, CO	for-profit	3.8	$12,780	$39,014	71%	4
87	Front Range Community CollegeWestminster, CO	Public	3.8	$14,000	$35,040	35%	7
88	Cincinnati State Technical and Community CollegeCincinnati, OH	Public	3.8	$13,581	$53,558	16%	6
89	Rosedale Technical CollegePittsburgh, PA	nonprofit	3.8	$12,000	$41,619	81%	6
90	Western Dakota Technical CollegeRapid City, SD	Public	3.8	$12,548	$38,031	54%	5
91	Lincoln College of Technology-Grand PrairieGrand Prairie, TX	for-profit	3.8	$12,780	$39,014	73%	4
92	ITI Technical CollegeBaton Rouge, LA	for-profit	3.9	$16,728	$56,225	59%	5
93	Pennsylvania College of TechnologyWilliamsport, PA	Public	3.9	$14,750	$47,953	53%	12
94	San Joaquin Valley College-Trades Education CenterFresno, CA	for-profit	3.9	$18,956	$43,388	80%	7
95	Lincoln Technical Institute-East WindsorEast Windsor, CT	for-profit	4.1	$12,564	$36,582	62%	4
96	Porter & Chester InstituteBridgeport, CT	for-profit	4.1	$13,910	$40,642	45%	5
97	Ohio Technical CollegeCleveland, OH	for-profit	4.1	$12,000	$34,932	90%	4
98	Pennco Tech-BristolBristol, PA	for-profit	4.1	$10,200	$33,494	84%	5
99	College of Business and TechnologyMiami, FL	for-profit	4.1	$13,618	$38,228	93%	4
100	Benjamin Franklin Cummings Institute of TechnologyBoston, MA	nonprofit	4.2	$11,438	$36,001	46%	4
101	Ozarks Technical Community CollegeSpringfield, MO	Public	4.2	$10,750	$32,725	33%	4
102	Hohokus School of Trade and Technical SciencesPaterson, NJ	for-profit	4.2	$10,156	$27,700	81%	4
103	Ohio State University Agricultural Technical InstituteWooster, OH	Public	4.2	$12,000	$34,468	43%	4
104	New England Institute of TechnologyEast Greenwich, RI	nonprofit	4.2	$17,500	$40,744	60%	5
105	Madison Area Technical CollegeMadison, WI	Public	4.2	$9,500	$37,001	29%	5
106	Lincoln College of Technology-IndianapolisIndianapolis, IN	for-profit	4.3	$13,560	$37,249	57%	7
107	Miller-Motte College-STVT-ArlingtonArlington, TX	for-profit	4.3	$12,570	$35,204	84%	4
108	San Joaquin Valley College-VisaliaVisalia, CA	for-profit	4.4	$19,040	$40,614	36%	10
109	San Joaquin Valley College-BakersfieldBakersfield, CA	for-profit	4.4	$13,000	$40,368	58%	7
110	Porter & Chester Institute of HamdenHamden, CT	for-profit	4.4	$14,120	$38,780	32%	4
111	Advanced Technology InstituteVirginia Beach, VA	for-profit	4.4	$14,372	$39,637	79%	4
112	Lincoln Technical Institute-MahwahMahwah, NJ	for-profit	4.4	$13,718	$36,577	79%	4
113	University of Northwestern OhioLima, OH	nonprofit	4.5	$15,250	$42,514	54%	4
114	Erie Institute of Technology IncErie, PA	for-profit	4.5	$11,261	$31,986	67%	4
115	San Joaquin Valley College-ModestoSalida, CA	for-profit	4.6	$15,842	$41,399	77%	4
116	Universal Technical Institute-CantonCanton, MI	for-profit	4.7	$15,955	$42,102	64%	6
117	Hinds Community CollegeRaymond, MS	Public	4.7	$8,592	$20,069	43%	4
118	Tidewater Tech-TradesNorfolk, VA	for-profit	4.7	$12,125	$31,400	71%	4
119	Miller-Motte College-Arizona Automotive InstituteGlendale, AZ	for-profit	4.8	$13,000	$35,147	61%	5
120	Spokane Community CollegeSpokane, WA	Public	4.8	$12,256	$37,712	33%	6
121	San Joaquin Valley College-Rancho MirageRancho Mirage, CA	for-profit	4.8	$15,978	$40,614	70%	4
122	Lincoln Technical Institute-New BritainNew Britain, CT	for-profit	4.9	$13,831	$37,187	65%	8
123	Remington College-Memphis CampusMemphis, TN	nonprofit	4.9	$12,965	$26,952	38%	5
124	Community Care CollegeTulsa, OK	nonprofit	4.9	$12,662	$29,721	67%	5
125	Charter CollegeAnchorage, AK	for-profit	5.0	$14,306	$36,703	56%	4
126	Davidson-Davie Community CollegeThomasville, NC	Public	5.0	$16,125	$38,859	46%	4
127	Miller-Motte College-RaleighRaleigh, NC	for-profit	5.0	$13,000	$32,352	79%	4
128	Miller-Motte College-STVT-Corpus ChristiCorpus Christi, TX	for-profit	5.0	$13,000	$33,756	68%	4
129	Miller-Motte College-STVT-San AntonioSan Antonio, TX	for-profit	5.0	$13,000	$33,756	69%	4
130	Remington College-Fort Worth CampusNorth Richland Hills, TX	nonprofit	5.1	$12,965	$28,138	45%	4
131	Lincoln College of Technology-Melrose ParkMelrose Park, IL	for-profit	5.2	$14,130	$37,089	68%	5
132	Lincoln College of Technology-ColumbiaColumbia, MD	for-profit	5.2	$13,532	$37,089	68%	7
133	Institute of TechnologyClovis, CA	for-profit	5.2	$10,286	$25,502	73%	6
134	Spartan College of Aeronautics and TechnologyTulsa, OK	for-profit	5.3	$18,500	$39,200	51%	7
135	Remington College-Dallas CampusDallas, TX	nonprofit	5.3	$12,965	$26,952	38%	7
136	Remington College-Mobile CampusMobile, AL	nonprofit	5.3	$14,750	$29,323	42%	5
137	Lincoln Technical Institute-IselinIselin, NJ	for-profit	5.5	$14,484	$32,850	54%	4
138	Milwaukee Area Technical CollegeMilwaukee, WI	Public	5.6	$14,291	$30,366	25%	4
139	NUC UniversityBayamon, PR	for-profit	5.7	$9,500	$20,568	54%	9
140	YTI Career Institute-YorkYork, PA	for-profit	5.8	$16,829	$36,634	45%	7
141	San Joaquin Valley College-OntarioOntario, CA	for-profit	5.8	$18,956	$40,368	64%	7
142	San Joaquin Valley College-HesperiaHesperia, CA	for-profit	5.8	$18,956	$40,368	63%	5
143	San Joaquin Valley College-TemeculaTemecula, CA	for-profit	5.8	$18,956	$40,368	82%	5
144	Dorsey CollegeMadison Heights, MI	for-profit	5.9	$13,000	$27,316	54%	4
145	ECPI UniversityVirginia Beach, VA	for-profit	6.0	$22,252	$37,344	42%	4
146	Miller-Motte College-ChattanoogaChattanooga, TN	for-profit	6.4	$13,000	$32,340	60%	11
147	Guilford Technical Community CollegeJamestown, NC	Public	6.5	$16,000	$34,400	31%	5
148	Delgado Community CollegeNew Orleans, LA	Public	6.7	$15,000	$31,941	24%	7
149	Stautzenberger College-MaumeeMaumee, OH	for-profit	7.0	$15,605	$29,770	55%	6
150	Stautzenberger College-Rockford Career CollegeRockford, IL	for-profit	7.0	$15,605	$29,770	66%	6
151	Miller-Motte College-Berks Technical Institute-AllentownAllentown, PA	for-profit	7.1	$20,493	$34,166	83%	4
152	Western Technical CollegeEl Paso, TX	for-profit	7.5	$21,638	$34,910	72%	4
153	Houston City CollegeHouston, TX	Public	8.3	$17,000	$27,058	17%	8

Source: U.S. Department of Education, College Scorecard, Most Recent Cohorts by Field of Study and by Institution (published 9 June 2026). Debt is the median federal Stafford and Grad PLUS loan debt of completers; earnings are median earnings one year after completion; both are medians across the school’s trade programs. Completion is the institution’s published completion rate. Programs is the number of trade programs at that school with both figures reported.

By State

The same ranking, one state at a time

Local wages shape earnings as much as the school does, so comparing schools inside a single state is more informative than comparing across the country. These 26 states have at least three ranked schools each, covering 135 of the 153 institutions.

Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, North Dakota, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, Washington each have one or two ranked institutions, which is too few to compare fairly, so they have no page of their own. Their schools still appear in the national table above.

The State Nobody Talks About

Kentucky holds 6 of the top 11 places, with a state median of 1.9 months

— against a national median of 3.6 months across 37 states

Its 9 ranked institutions are almost all part of the same statewide community and technical college system, and they share a pattern: low published debt, earnings in line with the national median, and completion rates in the fifties.

It is a reminder that this ranking measures a system as much as a campus. A state that keeps tuition low at technical colleges will fill the top of a debt-to-earnings table almost automatically, regardless of what happens in any individual classroom.

Read the ranking that way: it tells you where the financial risk to a student is lowest, not where the teaching is best. Those are different questions and only one of them is in this dataset.

The Finding That Cuts Both Ways

Public schools pay back faster. For-profits finish more students.

Both halves of this are in the same dataset, and most coverage of the sector reports only one.

Measure	What the data says
Months of gross pay to cover the debt	Public 3.0 · nonprofit 4.0 · for-profit 4.5
Median debt at completion	Public $11,000 · nonprofit $12,965 · for-profit $13,000
Completion rate	Public 43% · nonprofit 63% · for-profit 68%
Institutions ranked	Public 81 · nonprofit 16 · for-profit 56

A prospective student reading only the first row would conclude that public colleges are the safer bet. A student reading only the third would conclude the opposite. Both readings are incomplete: a cheap program you do not finish costs more than an expensive one you do, and a high completion rate at a higher price is not automatically worse value.

For a school, the practical consequence is simple. Whichever of these two numbers is your strength, it is the one worth publishing on your own program pages, because prospective students are increasingly finding both.

Read It Carefully

What this ranking does not measure

It does not measure teaching quality

Debt and earnings are outcomes shaped by tuition policy, local wages and student background as much as by instruction. A school can teach superbly in an expensive state and rank mid-table here.

Local wages distort the comparison

The same program produces different first-year earnings in different labour markets. Use the state filter and compare within a state before comparing across the country.

Absence from this list is not a verdict

Most US trade schools are not here, and the usual reason is that the Department of Education suppresses figures for programs with small cohorts. A small, excellent school will often have no publishable data at all.

Only federal loan debt is counted

Cash payments, private loans, employer sponsorship and workforce funding are invisible here. A school whose students pay out of pocket will show low debt without being cheap.

Method

How this ranking was built

Source. Two public files from the U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard, published 9 June 2026: Most Recent Cohorts by Field of Study, and by Institution.

Who is eligible. Institutions currently operating, whose predominant award is a certificate or an associate degree. Four-year colleges and universities are excluded, even where they run trade programs.

Which programs count. Certificate and associate programs in the trade CIP families: construction, mechanic and repair, precision production, transportation, engineering technologies, personal and culinary services, protective services, agriculture.

Threshold. A school appears only if at least four of its trade programs report both median debt and median earnings. That is what reduces 1,893 institutions with some data to the 153 ranked here.

The score. For each school, the median across its qualifying programs of debt divided by one twelfth of first-year earnings. Lower is better. No weighting, no adjustment, no editorial override.

What we did not do. No school was contacted, no school paid to appear, and no rating was assigned by us. Every number on this page is reproduced from the federal files, and the scripts that build it are the same ones behind our program-level payback ranking.

Go Deeper

The context behind these numbers

By Trade

The same data, one trade at a time

Months of gross pay to cover the median debt, with the schools that teach each one. Ordered fastest to slowest.

2.0 CDL and Truck Driving$7,875 median debt · $43,827 earnings · 87 schools 3.0 Welding and Precision Metal Working$9,475 median debt · $37,568 earnings · 208 schools 3.3 Electrician$11,000 median debt · $39,745 earnings · 139 schools 3.7 Automotive Technology$12,000 median debt · $39,096 earnings · 230 schools 3.9 HVAC and Refrigeration$10,649 median debt · $35,970 earnings · 191 schools 4.3 Practical Nursing (LPN)$15,520 median debt · $44,824 earnings · 650 schools 4.6 Dental Assisting$9,500 median debt · $27,096 earnings · 398 schools 4.9 Medical Assisting$11,685 median debt · $29,532 earnings · 840 schools 6.4 Culinary Arts$13,000 median debt · $25,389 earnings · 88 schools 6.8 Cosmetology$9,862 median debt · $17,395 earnings · 987 schools

For School Operators

If your school is on this list

→ Turn a good number into enrollmentsRanking well means nothing if the figure never reaches a prospective student. → SEO for trade schoolsBe the source that answers cost and outcome questions for your programs. → Declining enrollment: what to fix firstWhere a strong outcome record still fails to convert. → Enrollment management for vocational programsWhich of your programs deserves the next dollar of budget.

Use This Data

Want to know how your school ranks, program by program?

We run this analysis for individual schools against their own federal data, program by program, and show them where they sit against the national median. Where the answer is good, it is the strongest recruitment argument a school owns, and almost nobody publishes it.

Book Your Free Enrollment Audit

By application only — reserved for trade and vocational school operators enrolling 50+ students a year.